Abstract
Onychomycosis is a common, hard to treat fungal infection of the nail, leadinggradually to nail plate and nail bed distortion. The aim of this investigation was to study the prevalence of onychomycosis due to non-dermatophytes, yeasts and moulds in Cairo, Egypt during the period between August 2016 to October 2017 in Ain Shams University Hospitals. The used mycological tests included direct microscopic examination with (10% KOH), macromorphology, antifungal sensitivity test, molecular typing of themould isolates based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and" Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis" (MALDI-TOF MS) to confirmed yeast fungi identification.A total of 102 patients with onychomycosis in fingernail or toenail specimens were recorded with an age ranged from 8 to 95 years.Males represented 28cases (27.5 %) while 74 cases (72.5%) were females.Fungal infections were represented 84.3% (86 cases) of all cases, while 15.7% (16 cases) were negative.The most prevalent species were Aspergillus niger (47 isolates, 46.1%) followed by Aspergillus flavus(19 isolates, 18.6%) and Candida albicans (8 isolates, 7.8 %) respectively.The isolates ofAspergillus terreus (4 isolates, 3.9%), Aspergillus fumigatus(2 isolates, 2.0%), Trichosporon beigelii (2isolates, 2.0%), Alternaria alternate (1 isolate, 1.0%) and Cladosporium sphaerospermum (3 isolates, 2.9%) were also recorded.Ketoconazole was the most effective drug followed by itraconazole and voriconazole according to the results ofdisk diffusion method

Key words: Onychomycosis, non-dermatophytes fungi, PCR, MALDI-TOF/MS.